Most maintenance electricians learn their profession via apprenticeship programs that combine classroom instruction with on the job training.  All apprentices must have a high school diploma or GED, be at least 18 years old, pass a test and meet other requirements. They may need to take additional classes in math because they will be required to solve math problems on the job. 

Apprenticeship program typically combine classroom instruction with paid on-the-job training.  Joint training committees are made up of local unions/chapters of the National Electrical Contractors, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Associated Builders and Contractors, Independent Electrical Contractions Association or individual electrical contracting companies who typically sponsor apprenticeship programs.

Individuals who complete the comprehensive training provided by apprenticeship program are qualified to work in maintenance and construction.  Apprenticeship programs normally last 4 years with each year including a minimum of 144 hours of classroom instruction and 2,000 hours of on-the-job-training. 

Classroom training includes some of the following:

Applied Physical Science:  An introduction to the basics of physical sciences to become familiar with Ohm’s Law, Watt’s Law and the relationship between current, voltage and resistance.

AD/DC Circuits:  Learn the basics of series, parallel and combination circuits and advanced concepts such as mathematical circuit analysis.

Commercial and Industrial Codes: A basic understanding of the National Electrical Code and city and county ordinances who govern the wiring of commercial, residential and industrial structures.

Commercial and Industrial Wiring:  A basic understanding of modern wiring methods and practices for residential and industrial structures.

Motors and Controls:  An introduction to the basics of motors and devices used to control them.

Instrumentation:  The installation, maintenance and calibration of the different types of instruments used to complete various measurements.

Blueprint Reading:  The understanding of electrical blueprints to install, build and trouble shoot various electrical systems or equipment.

Transformers:  An understanding of transformers which are used frequently throughout power grids.

Electrical Machines:  Standard electrical machines used in electrical construction and how to perform efficiency calculations and actions to use such machines.

Additionally, electricians may receive specialized training in elevators, fire / security alarm systems, soldering, cranes, etc.

Apprentices work under the close supervision of experienced electricians by first learning to drill holes, run conduit, test wiring, and install outlets and switches.  They will also learn how to draw diagrams of electrical systems.  Ultimately, the goal is to practice and master all tasks required by electricians.

Some people start taking classroom training before finding an apprenticeship program by attending public or private vocational technical schools.  Employers like to hire students who have completed these programs and usually start them at a higher level than those without training. 

Some people become electricians by first working as helpers, assisting electricians to get materials, setup job sites and completing nonelectrical work before they are able to enter an apprenticeship program.    

Electricians usually continue to take classes throughout their career because of changes in the National Electric Code, to complete regular safety program, equipment specific training, etc.  Classes on topics such as telephone, video, data, alternative energy systems (solar, wind) are increasingly given because they are becoming more prevalent. 

License

Most states and local government require electricians to be licensed, however, licensing requirement vary by state.  Electricians must pass an exam that tests their knowledge of electrical theory, local/state electric and building codes and the National Electrical Code.

Electrical contractors who complete work for the public, as opposed to working for electrical contractors, often need a special license.  In some states, electrical contractors must be certified as master electricians.  Most states require that master electricians have a minimum of 7 years of experience as an electrician or have a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering or a related field.

Being an electrician is a very physical job.  They must have good eye-hand coordination, manual dexterity, sense of balance and by physically fit.  Electricians cannot be color blind because it is necessary that they be able to identify electrical wires by color.